Research

Cyber Defence Library

Database of publications authored or co-authored by CCDCOE researchers and experts, visiting researchers and other partners

The Handbook on Developing a National Position on International Law and Cyber Activities: A Practical Guide for States

Crucial guidance to empower states to develop or review their position on international law and cyber activities.

Cyber Commanders Handbook 2

A practical guide designed to support commanders and decision-makers in understanding, integrating, and employing cyber capabilities within multi-domain operations.

Tallinn Manual

The most comprehensive guide for policy advisors and legal experts on how existing International Law applies to cyber operations

International Cyber Law Interactive Toolkit

The Cyber Law Toolkit is a dynamic interactive web-based resource for legal professionals who work with matters at the intersection of international law and cyber operations.

Data Protection and Privacy in Armed Conflict

A pioneering study into the interplay between different legal regimes in regulating privacy and data protection in conflict situations

INCYDER

This interactive database features the most relevant cyber security documents from major international organisations and articles by CCDCOE researchers on recent trends and developments within these organisations

Strategy and Governance

A comprehensive overview of national cyber security organisation in NATO nations together with a selection of national cyber security policy and legal documents adopted by NATO Allies and also like-minded partners beyond the Alliance

CCDCOE Research in Progress

Technology Branch:

Monitoring Tools
Digital Forensics
Integrated Computer Solutions
Cyber & Electromagnetic means of defence

Strategy Branch:

Cyber Effects
Cyber Command and Control
Cyber Deterrence and De-escalation
Public-Private Cooperation

Operations Branch:

Enhancing Cyber Intelligence in Operational Environment
Integrating Cyber into Operational Planning
Cyber Deterrence
Cyber in Operations Handbook

Law Branch:

International Law and the AI-Cyber nexus
AI on the battlefield
National Positions on International Law and Cyber Activities
Data Protection and Privacy in Military Activities
Protection of Critical Infrastructure in Crisis and Conflict
Collective cyber responses to violations of international law
Cyber volunteers in national defence