Crossed Swords (XS), conducted by the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE), is a comprehensive cyber defence exercise, which aims to enhance the skills of both operational-level military command elements in managing offensive and defensive cyberspace capabilities, and tactical-level cyber specialists in executing defensive and full-spectrum offensive cyber operations within a simulated crisis and conflict environment. In addition to cyber warfare training, the exercise promotes the development of multi-domain operational competencies and other cyberspace-related tactical skills, such as information warfare operations, legal perspectives and cooperation with Special Operation Forces.
The 2024 edition of XS brought together around 200 participants from 40 countries, encompassing both NATO and non-NATO members, to engage in this strategically significant field.
Starting in 2025, the exercise will expand to include two full Cyber Headquarters (CHQs) with complete planning staffs. Participants will include military cyber operators, digital forensic analysts, threat hunters, and other specialists from national cyber forces or units that work closely with them. Notably, XS 2025 will broaden its scope by incorporating public and private sector participants in CHQ response planning, with a particular focus on protecting national critical infrastructure.
The realism and effectiveness of the exercise will be significantly enhanced through collaboration with academia and industry partners, who help ensure authenticity and relevance. These partnerships also support the integration of advanced technologies, including AI tools, into key aspects of the exercise.
